This department handles the pathological research and treatment of various refractory diseases concerning children.

In particular:

1. Hematological/neoplastic diseas
   This department treats malignant tumors, hematological diseases, and immunological disorders of childhood. Since performing the first bone marrow transplant case in 1986; an early phase of bone marrow transplantation in the country, as of 2020, the hospital has taken over 166 cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (bone marrow transplant, umbilical cord blood transplant, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant, etc.).
2. Cardiovascular diseases
   Besides congenital heart disease, we handle the refractory case of Kawasaki disease, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Since our first balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis, our department has performed catheter treatment (excluding balloon atrial septostomy) in over 100 patients so far. We mainly perform balloon valvuloplasty of the aortic valve and pulmonary artery valve, coil occlusion of the arterial duct, and stenting for vascular stenosis.
3. Neurological diseases
   This department handles various diseases related to children's neurological development, such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, encephalitis/encephalopathy, etc. In particular, we treat various types of epilepsy, muscular dystrophy or myopathy, congenital malformations, developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), and acute encephalopathy. For epilepsy, we use long-term video electroencephalography to provide proper medical treatments. We also actively promote home-based medical care for children with severe physical and intellectual disabilities.
4. Neonatal diseases
   Aside from treating preterm birth, our hospital often treats infants with surgical diseases. It is difficult to treat such conditions in the other three NICUs in Yamagata. If it is determined by fetal ultrasonographic examination that post-natal pediatric surgery and neurosurgical procedures are necessary, the mother is often transferred to our hospital where childbirth is managed and the initial treatments, such as resuscitation and central venous catheter insertion, are performed in cooperation with a surgeon.
5. Renal diseases
   We also handle neonatal diseases such as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and congenital nephrotic syndrome, acute illnesses such as acute renal failure, acute nephritis, various drug side effects, electrolyte imbalance, and hemolytic uremic syndrome, and chronic diseases such as chronic nephritis, chronic renal failure, and nephrotic syndrome. If necessary, a renal biopsy is performed and used for accurate diagnosis and treatment. We also perform a wide range of treatments, including medical care for post-renal transplant patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
6. Endocrine and metabolic diseases
   Our endocrine and metabolism team handles a wide range of inborn errors of metabolism (such as phenylketonuria and citrin deficiency), hormonal imbalance (congenital hypothyroidism, short stature, and precocious/delayed puberty), and diabetes in children.